{
 "slug": "billings-mt",
 "place": {
  "name": "Billings",
  "state": "MT",
  "census_name": "Billings city",
  "census_geoid": "3006550",
  "lat": 45.78854,
  "lon": -108.55248,
  "station_distance_km": 2.2
 },
 "station": {
  "id": "USW00024033",
  "name": "BILLINGS LOGAN INTL AP, MT US",
  "lat": 45.8069,
  "lon": -108.5422,
  "elevation_m": 1091.5,
  "elevation_ft": 3581,
  "source_urls": {
   "monthly": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USW00024033.csv",
   "annual": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-annualseasonal/1991-2020/access/USW00024033.csv"
  }
 },
 "period": "1991-2020",
 "units": {
  "temperature": "F",
  "precipitation": "in",
  "snowfall": "in",
  "days": "days",
  "dates": "MM-DD",
  "prob_low_le_32f_pct": "percent"
 },
 "months": [
  {
   "month": 1,
   "name": "January",
   "high_f": 36.0,
   "low_f": 17.9,
   "mean_f": 27.0,
   "precip_in": 0.55,
   "snow_in": 10.6,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.6,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 1.7,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 3.1,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 10.3,
   "days_low_le_32f": 27.3,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 100.0
  },
  {
   "month": 2,
   "name": "February",
   "high_f": 39.2,
   "low_f": 19.7,
   "mean_f": 29.4,
   "precip_in": 0.57,
   "snow_in": 9.1,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.9,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 2.2,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 3.0,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 8.1,
   "days_low_le_32f": 24.4,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 100.0
  },
  {
   "month": 3,
   "name": "March",
   "high_f": 49.0,
   "low_f": 26.9,
   "mean_f": 38.0,
   "precip_in": 0.9,
   "snow_in": 8.2,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 8.6,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 2.7,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 2.7,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 3.6,
   "days_low_le_32f": 21.1,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 100.0
  },
  {
   "month": 4,
   "name": "April",
   "high_f": 56.9,
   "low_f": 34.7,
   "mean_f": 45.8,
   "precip_in": 1.72,
   "snow_in": 7.5,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 10.4,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 4.9,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 2.2,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.9,
   "days_low_le_32f": 10.6,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 99.9
  },
  {
   "month": 5,
   "name": "May",
   "high_f": 66.9,
   "low_f": 43.8,
   "mean_f": 55.3,
   "precip_in": 2.36,
   "snow_in": 0.9,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 12.2,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 5.8,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 0.4,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.4,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 1.7,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 61.0
  },
  {
   "month": 6,
   "name": "June",
   "high_f": 77.0,
   "low_f": 52.4,
   "mean_f": 64.7,
   "precip_in": 2.22,
   "snow_in": 0.0,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 11.2,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 5.4,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 0.0,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 2.9,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 0.0,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 0.0
  },
  {
   "month": 7,
   "name": "July",
   "high_f": 87.3,
   "low_f": 59.3,
   "mean_f": 73.3,
   "precip_in": 1.22,
   "snow_in": 0.0,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 7.7,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 2.8,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 0.0,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 13.7,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 0.0,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 0.0
  },
  {
   "month": 8,
   "name": "August",
   "high_f": 85.8,
   "low_f": 57.5,
   "mean_f": 71.6,
   "precip_in": 0.87,
   "snow_in": 0.0,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.0,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 2.1,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 0.0,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 12.2,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 0.0,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 0.0
  },
  {
   "month": 9,
   "name": "September",
   "high_f": 74.3,
   "low_f": 48.6,
   "mean_f": 61.4,
   "precip_in": 1.36,
   "snow_in": 0.3,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.8,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 3.4,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 0.1,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 2.8,
   "days_high_le_32f": 0.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 0.4,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 23.8
  },
  {
   "month": 10,
   "name": "October",
   "high_f": 58.8,
   "low_f": 37.1,
   "mean_f": 47.9,
   "precip_in": 1.37,
   "snow_in": 4.5,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 8.2,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 3.7,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 1.3,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.1,
   "days_high_le_32f": 1.4,
   "days_low_le_32f": 8.0,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 99.4
  },
  {
   "month": 11,
   "name": "November",
   "high_f": 45.7,
   "low_f": 26.7,
   "mean_f": 36.2,
   "precip_in": 0.6,
   "snow_in": 6.5,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.1,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 2.0,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 2.2,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 5.0,
   "days_low_le_32f": 20.5,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 100.0
  },
  {
   "month": 12,
   "name": "December",
   "high_f": 36.1,
   "low_f": 19.2,
   "mean_f": 27.6,
   "precip_in": 0.57,
   "snow_in": 9.8,
   "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 6.2,
   "days_precip_ge_0_10in": 1.9,
   "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 3.1,
   "days_high_ge_90f": 0.0,
   "days_high_le_32f": 10.2,
   "days_low_le_32f": 27.5,
   "prob_low_le_32f_pct": 100.0
  }
 ],
 "annual": {
  "high_f": 59.4,
  "low_f": 37.0,
  "mean_f": 48.2,
  "precip_in": 14.31,
  "snow_in": 57.4,
  "days_precip_ge_0_01in": 96.9,
  "days_snow_ge_1_0in": 18.1,
  "days_high_ge_90f": 32.0,
  "days_high_le_32f": 39.5,
  "days_low_le_32f": 141.5
 },
 "frost": {
  "semantics": {
   "last_spring": "PRBLST: an N% chance that the last night at or below the threshold comes on or after this date",
   "first_fall": "PRBFST: an N% chance that the first night at or below the threshold has come by this date",
   "season_days": "PRBGSL: length of the season above the threshold, days; P50 is the median"
  },
  "thresholds_f": [
   36,
   32,
   28,
   24,
   20,
   16
  ],
  "probabilities_pct": [
   10,
   20,
   30,
   40,
   50,
   60,
   70,
   80,
   90
  ],
  "table": {
   "36": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "05-29",
     "20": "05-25",
     "30": "05-21",
     "40": "05-18",
     "50": "05-15",
     "60": "05-13",
     "70": "05-10",
     "80": "05-07",
     "90": "05-02"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "09-16",
     "20": "09-20",
     "30": "09-24",
     "40": "09-26",
     "50": "09-28",
     "60": "10-01",
     "70": "10-03",
     "80": "10-06",
     "90": "10-12"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 153.0,
     "20": 147.0,
     "30": 143.0,
     "40": 139.0,
     "50": 135.0,
     "60": 131.0,
     "70": 127.0,
     "80": 122.0,
     "90": 116.0
    }
   },
   "32": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "05-18",
     "20": "05-14",
     "30": "05-10",
     "40": "05-07",
     "50": "05-04",
     "60": "05-01",
     "70": "04-29",
     "80": "04-24",
     "90": "04-20"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "09-26",
     "20": "09-29",
     "30": "10-01",
     "40": "10-04",
     "50": "10-07",
     "60": "10-11",
     "70": "10-14",
     "80": "10-16",
     "90": "10-21"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 175.0,
     "20": 169.0,
     "30": 164.0,
     "40": 160.0,
     "50": 156.0,
     "60": 152.0,
     "70": 148.0,
     "80": 143.0,
     "90": 136.0
    }
   },
   "28": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "05-07",
     "20": "05-02",
     "30": "04-29",
     "40": "04-25",
     "50": "04-21",
     "60": "04-18",
     "70": "04-14",
     "80": "04-09",
     "90": "04-04"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "10-01",
     "20": "10-05",
     "30": "10-10",
     "40": "10-14",
     "50": "10-16",
     "60": "10-19",
     "70": "10-23",
     "80": "10-26",
     "90": "10-31"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 200.0,
     "20": 191.0,
     "30": 186.0,
     "40": 181.0,
     "50": 177.0,
     "60": 173.0,
     "70": 168.0,
     "80": 163.0,
     "90": 156.0
    }
   },
   "24": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "04-27",
     "20": "04-19",
     "30": "04-15",
     "40": "04-11",
     "50": "04-07",
     "60": "04-04",
     "70": "03-31",
     "80": "03-28",
     "90": "03-20"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "10-08",
     "20": "10-15",
     "30": "10-19",
     "40": "10-23",
     "50": "10-26",
     "60": "10-29",
     "70": "11-01",
     "80": "11-05",
     "90": "11-10"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 223.0,
     "20": 215.0,
     "30": 209.0,
     "40": 204.0,
     "50": 198.0,
     "60": 193.0,
     "70": 189.0,
     "80": 182.0,
     "90": 175.0
    }
   },
   "20": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "04-15",
     "20": "04-09",
     "30": "04-05",
     "40": "04-01",
     "50": "03-29",
     "60": "03-25",
     "70": "03-20",
     "80": "03-15",
     "90": "03-08"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "10-17",
     "20": "10-23",
     "30": "10-27",
     "40": "10-31",
     "50": "11-03",
     "60": "11-07",
     "70": "11-11",
     "80": "11-16",
     "90": "11-22"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 243.0,
     "20": 234.0,
     "30": 227.0,
     "40": 222.0,
     "50": 218.0,
     "60": 213.0,
     "70": 207.0,
     "80": 202.0,
     "90": 192.0
    }
   },
   "16": {
    "status": "computed",
    "freeze_in_most_years": true,
    "last_spring": {
     "10": "04-07",
     "20": "04-01",
     "30": "03-28",
     "40": "03-22",
     "50": "03-19",
     "60": "03-14",
     "70": "03-09",
     "80": "03-05",
     "90": "02-26"
    },
    "first_fall": {
     "10": "10-24",
     "20": "10-30",
     "30": "11-03",
     "40": "11-06",
     "50": "11-11",
     "60": "11-14",
     "70": "11-18",
     "80": "11-23",
     "90": "11-26"
    },
    "season_days": {
     "10": 261.0,
     "20": 252.0,
     "30": 245.0,
     "40": 239.0,
     "50": 234.0,
     "60": 229.0,
     "70": 223.0,
     "80": 217.0,
     "90": 208.0
    }
   }
  },
  "notes": []
 },
 "derived": {
  "hottest_month": {
   "month": 7,
   "name": "July",
   "value": 73.3
  },
  "coldest_month": {
   "month": 1,
   "name": "January",
   "value": 27.0
  },
  "hottest_month_by_high": {
   "month": 7,
   "name": "July",
   "value": 87.3
  },
  "wettest_month": {
   "month": 5,
   "name": "May",
   "value": 2.36
  },
  "driest_month": {
   "month": 1,
   "name": "January",
   "value": 0.55
  },
  "snowiest_month": {
   "month": 1,
   "name": "January",
   "value": 10.6
  },
  "winter": "cold",
  "summer": "warm",
  "precipitation": "semi-arid",
  "snow": "heavy",
  "annual_precip_in": 14.31,
  "annual_snow_in": 57.4,
  "annual_range_f": 46.3,
  "mean_daily_range_f": 22.4,
  "months_high_ge_90f": [],
  "months_low_le_32f": [
   1,
   2,
   3,
   11,
   12
  ],
  "last_spring_32f_p50": "05-04",
  "first_fall_32f_p50": "10-07",
  "freeze_free_days_p50": 156.0,
  "freeze_free_span_days_p50": 156
 },
 "rules": {
  "hottest_coldest_month": "by monthly mean temperature (MLY-TAVG-NORMAL); ties go to the earlier month",
  "wettest_driest_month": "by monthly precipitation normal (MLY-PRCP-NORMAL); ties go to the earlier month",
  "winter": {
   "basis": "mean temperature of the coldest month, F",
   "bands": [
    [
     null,
     20,
     "very cold"
    ],
    [
     20,
     32,
     "cold"
    ],
    [
     32,
     45,
     "cool"
    ],
    [
     45,
     60,
     "mild"
    ],
    [
     60,
     null,
     "warm"
    ]
   ]
  },
  "summer": {
   "basis": "mean daily high of the hottest month (by high), F",
   "bands": [
    [
     null,
     70,
     "cool"
    ],
    [
     70,
     80,
     "mild"
    ],
    [
     80,
     90,
     "warm"
    ],
    [
     90,
     100,
     "hot"
    ],
    [
     100,
     null,
     "very hot"
    ]
   ]
  },
  "precipitation": {
   "basis": "annual precipitation normal, inches (sum of months if no annual value)",
   "bands": [
    [
     null,
     10,
     "arid"
    ],
    [
     10,
     20,
     "semi-arid"
    ],
    [
     20,
     40,
     "moderate"
    ],
    [
     40,
     60,
     "wet"
    ],
    [
     60,
     null,
     "very wet"
    ]
   ]
  },
  "snow": {
   "basis": "annual snowfall normal, inches; 'no data' when NOAA publishes no snowfall normal",
   "bands": [
    [
     null,
     1,
     "rare or none"
    ],
    [
     1,
     12,
     "light"
    ],
    [
     12,
     36,
     "moderate"
    ],
    [
     36,
     72,
     "heavy"
    ],
    [
     72,
     null,
     "very heavy"
    ]
   ]
  },
  "bands": "lower bound inclusive, upper bound exclusive",
  "frost_free": "true when the 32F last-spring and first-fall P50 dates are -9999 with flag Y (insufficient values) and the 32F growing season P50 is 365 days or the annual number of nights at or below 32F rounds to 0.0",
  "freeze_free_days_p50": "NOAA ANN-TMIN-PRBGSL-T32FP50 (median length of the 32F freeze-free season), as published",
  "freeze_rare": "true when 32F dates are published but the 32F growing season P50 is 365 days: no 32F night in at least half of years; the P50 spring and fall dates then cross and freeze_free_span_days_p50 is null",
  "freeze_free_span_days_p50": "days from the 32F P50 last-spring date to the 32F P50 first-fall date (next year if the fall date is earlier in the calendar); differs from the NOAA median season length because a median of lengths is not the span between median dates"
 },
 "flags": {
  "frost_free": false,
  "freeze_rare": false,
  "frost_data_missing": false,
  "year_round_frost_risk": false,
  "snow_normal_absent": false,
  "incomplete_months": []
 },
 "quality": {
  "high_f": {
   "column": "MLY-TMAX-NORMAL",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "low_f": {
   "column": "MLY-TMIN-NORMAL",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "mean_f": {
   "column": "MLY-TAVG-NORMAL",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "precip_in": {
   "column": "MLY-PRCP-NORMAL",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 30,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "snow_in": {
   "column": "MLY-SNOW-NORMAL",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 28,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_precip_ge_0_01in": {
   "column": "MLY-PRCP-AVGNDS-GE001HI",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 30,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_precip_ge_0_10in": {
   "column": "MLY-PRCP-AVGNDS-GE010HI",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 30,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_snow_ge_1_0in": {
   "column": "MLY-SNOW-AVGNDS-GE010TI",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 30,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_high_ge_90f": {
   "column": "MLY-TMAX-AVGNDS-GRTH090",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_high_le_32f": {
   "column": "MLY-TMAX-AVGNDS-LSTH032",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [
    "X"
   ],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "days_low_le_32f": {
   "column": "MLY-TMIN-AVGNDS-LSTH032",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  },
  "prob_low_le_32f_pct": {
   "column": "MLY-TMIN-PRBOCC-LSTH032",
   "absent": false,
   "comp_flags": [
    "S"
   ],
   "meas_flags": [],
   "years_min": 29,
   "missing_months": 0
  }
 },
 "citation": {
  "monthly": "Palecki, Michael; Durre, Imke; Applequist, Scott; Arguez, Anthony; Lawrimore, Jay (2021). U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). Station USW00024033 (BILLINGS LOGAN INTL AP, MT US). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/wck8-er13. Accessed 2026-10-09.",
  "annual": "Palecki, Michael; Durre, Imke; Applequist, Scott; Arguez, Anthony; Lawrimore, Jay (2021). U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Annual/Seasonal Climate Normals (1991-2020). Station USW00024033 (BILLINGS LOGAN INTL AP, MT US). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/4ek7-fk11. Accessed 2026-10-09.",
  "metadata_records": [
   "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C01620",
   "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C01619"
  ]
 },
 "retrieved": {
  "monthly": "2026-10-09",
  "annual": "2026-10-09"
 }
}